Infertility affects approximately 17.5 percent of the global adult population and represents a major public health challenge across all socioeconomic settings. Despite its prevalence, infertility remains under-recognized, stigmatized, and inadequately addressed in many health systems, resulting in delayed diagnosis, limited access to care, and significant psychosocial burden. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on the epidemiology, causes, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and social and emotional impact of infertility. Literature published between 2000 and 2024 was reviewed from major biomedical databases, focusing on infertility as a shared condition affecting both women and men. Findings highlight the multifactorial etiology of infertility, including biological, lifestyle, and environmental factors, with unexplained infertility accounting for up to 40 percent of cases. Advances in diagnostic techniques and assisted reproductive technologies have improved clinical outcomes; however, stigma, misinformation, and inequitable access continue to hinder timely care. The review emphasizes the importance of awareness, early evaluation, and psychosocial support as integral components of infertility management. Breaking the silence around infertility is essential to reduce stigma, promote evidence-based care, and foster an informed, inclusive, and empathetic societal response. .