Protecting Against Cervical Cancer Through Advanced Technologies: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Advanced technologies have reshaped protection against cervical cancer, enabling a shift from isolated interventions to integrated, technology-driven prevention systems. The discovery of human papillomavirus as the causal agent laid the foundation for highly effective prophylactic vaccines and molecular screening assays, which now form the backbone of modern prevention. Next generation multivalent vaccines, simplified dosing schedules, and innovations in vaccine delivery have expanded feasibility and population impact. Molecular HPV testing, supported by automation and self-sampling technologies, has improved early detection and equity of access. Beyond primary screening, biomarker-based risk stratification, including methylation and oncogene expression assays, refines clinical decision-making and minimizes unnecessary interventions. Imaging innovations, artificial intelligence, and digital decision support systems further enhance diagnostic precision and program efficiency, particularly in settings with limited specialist capacity. Digital health platforms and data integration strengthen continuity of care, follow-up, and program monitoring. While evidence strongly supports the effectiveness of these technologies, unequal access and implementation challenges persist. This review synthesizes current evidence on advanced technologies for cervical cancer protection and highlights future directions, emphasizing the need for coordinated, equitable deployment to accelerate progress toward global eradication. .