Boys Can Protect Girls: The Rationale Behind Gender-Neutral HPV Vaccination Programs

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a highly effective strategy for preventing cervical cancer and other HPV-associated malignancies. Although vaccination programs have traditionally focused on girls, increasing evidence supports gender-neutral vaccination as a broader public health approach. This article discusses the rationale for vaccinating boys alongside girls, emphasizing reduction of HPV transmission, strengthening herd immunity, and providing direct protection against HPVrelated penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. Genderneutral vaccination also promotes health equity by encouraging shared responsibility for HPV prevention and reducing stigma. Experiences from countries implementing vaccination for both sexes demonstrate the potential benefits of high population-level coverage when combined with effective cervical screening. Successful implementation requires coordinated efforts involving parents, schools, healthcare providers, and policymakers to improve vaccine acceptance, accessibility, and coverage. Addressing misconceptions and vaccine hesitancy through evidence-based communication is essential. Expanding HPV vaccination to boys and girls can strengthen cervical cancer prevention and accelerate progress toward global cervical cancer elimination while protecting future generations from HPV-related disease.